Description

In the era of dense wireless connectivity and increasing spectrum scarcity, managing both spectral and spatial interference has become a fundamental challenge for next-generation communication systems. This work presents hardware-efficient multi-element architectures that enable joint spectral–spatial interference mitigation while maintaining low system complexity and power consumption. By leveraging multi-antenna platforms, reconfigurable RF front-ends, and adaptive signal processing, the proposed architectures dynamically suppress interference through coordinated beamforming and spectral control. Key innovations include hybrid analog–digital beamforming, the use of passive and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and machine learning-assisted spatial filtering techniques that reduce dependence on high-resolution and power-hungry RF chains. These approaches enable scalable and cost-effective implementations while preserving wideband performance. The presented architectures demonstrate a pathway toward efficient interference-aware system design, offering significant improvements in robustness and spectral efficiency. This work highlights the role of hardware-efficient solutions in shaping future wireless systems, including 6G and beyond.